Which European nation established New Amsterdam as its settlement?

New Amsterdam was established by the Dutch in the early 17th century as a trade and government outpost. It served as the capital of the Dutch colony of New Netherland, which was primarily focused on fur trading and commerce. The location of New Amsterdam, at the mouth of the Hudson River, made it strategically important for trade and control over the region.

The Dutch sought to expand their economic influence and established several colonies in North America and the Caribbean during this time. New Amsterdam later became New York City after the English seized control of the area in 1664. The historical significance of New Amsterdam is rooted in its role in the development of early American commerce and urbanization.

Other European nations such as Spain, France, and Portugal had their own colonial endeavors, but they were not responsible for the establishment of New Amsterdam. Spain focused more on the southwestern United States and parts of Central and South America, while France was primarily involved in Canada and the Mississippi River Valley. Portugal concentrated its exploration efforts in South America and parts of Africa and Asia. Thus, the Dutch were specifically the nation responsible for founding New Amsterdam.