What were some major outcomes of early contact between Europeans and Indigenous peoples?

The choice of disease transmission and cultural displacement as a major outcome of early contact between Europeans and Indigenous peoples is accurate because these consequences had profound and lasting effects on Indigenous communities. With the arrival of Europeans, a significant number of diseases such as smallpox, influenza, and measles were introduced to the Americas. Indigenous populations, lacking immunity to these new diseases, suffered devastating epidemics that led to massive declines in their numbers. This disease burden severely weakened cultural and social structures within Indigenous societies.

Additionally, cultural displacement occurred as European powers sought to establish colonies and expand their territories. The imposition of European systems of governance, land use, and religious beliefs disrupted traditional Indigenous ways of life, leading to significant changes in their cultural practices and social organization. Many Indigenous peoples were forced off their ancestral lands, contributing to the loss of their cultural identities and livelihoods.

In contrast, the other options do not capture the gravity of the outcomes from this early contact. While there were instances of technology sharing and some peace agreements, these were far outweighed by the devastating impacts of disease and cultural changes. Immediate independence is unrealistic given the context of European colonization, which was characterized by conquest and domination. Economic prosperity for both groups did not occur; rather, European economic interests often