What movement in Christianity occurred as a response to the Protestant Reformation?

The Counter-Reformation was a significant movement within Christianity that arose directly in response to the Protestant Reformation. Initiated in the 16th century, it aimed to address the challenges posed by Protestant reformers and to reaffirm and reform Catholic doctrine and practices. The Catholic Church sought to combat the spread of Protestantism by clarifying its theology, reigniting devotion among believers, and implementing various reforms to eliminate corruption within the Church.

Key elements of the Counter-Reformation included the establishment of the Council of Trent, which defined Catholic doctrine and enacted internal reforms, such as ending the sale of indulgences and addressing issues of clerical corruption. Additionally, the Jesuit order was founded during this period to promote education and missionary work, further strengthening the Catholic Church’s influence worldwide.

While the Enlightenment, Deism, and Modernism are significant movements in their own right, they do not directly respond to the Protestant Reformation in the same manner as the Counter-Reformation. The Enlightenment involved a shift towards reason and science, and Deism emerged as a philosophical approach to religion that emphasizes reason and morality rather than doctrinal authority. Modernism, although it encompasses various cultural and intellectual movements in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, is also